Welcome to Midwifery & Obstetrical Nursing Blog!!

Welcome to Midwifery and Obstetrical Nursing Blog!

This blog is a platform for me to share all my lecture notes on Midwifery Nursing. Hope this will be useful to all the nursing students out there! Happy Reading!

Monday, 23 July 2012

Mechanism of Labour


Mechanism of Labour (LOA & ROA)
                                                            
Definition

Mechanism of labour is the series of passive movements of the fetus during its passage through the maternal pelvis during labour.

Principles of Mechanism of Labour

1.      Descent takes place through out labour
2.      Whichever part leads and first meets the resistence of the pelvic floor will rotate forward until it comes under the symphysis pubis
3.      Whatever emerges from the pelvis will pivot around the pubic bone.


LEFT OCCIPITO ANTERIOR (LOA)

Lie                               : Longitudinal
Presentation                : Vertex
Position                       : LOA
Attitude                       : Flexion
Denominator               : Occiput
Presenting part            : Posterior part of the right parietal bone.

·         Descent
Descent takes place due to forceful uterine contraction and retraction, rupture of membranes, complete cervical dilatation and maternal efforts.

·         Flexion
Flexion is increased throughout labour. When the head meets the resistance of the pelvic floor flexion is increased. The increased flexion will decrease the presenting diameter ie., sub occipito-frontal (10cm) to a smaller diameter suboccipito-bregmatic (9.5cm). The occiput becomes the leading part.

·         Internal rotation of the head
The occiput leads and meets the pelvic floor first and rotates anteriorly 1/8th of the circle to come under the symphysis pubis. The anteroposterior diameter of the head now lies in the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic outlet.

·         Crowning
The occiput slips beneath the subpubic arch and crowning occurs when the head no longer recedes back between the contractions and the widest transverse diameter (biparietal) is born.

·         Extension of the head
The fetal head pivots around the pubic bone while the sinciput, face and chin sweep the perineum and head is born by the movement of extension.

·         Restitution
The twist in the neck of the fetus that resulted from internal rotation is now corrected by a slight untwisting movement. The occiput moves 1/8th of the circle towards the side from which it started.

·         Internal rotation of the shoulders
The anterior shoulder reaches the pelvic floor first in the left oblique diameter and rotates forward 1/8th of the circle from right to left and thus the shoulders are now in the AP diameter of the pelvis.

·         External rotation of the shoulders
It takes place simultaneously with internal rotation of the shoulders and the occiput of the fetal head now lies laterally facing mother’s right thigh.

·         Lateral flexion
The anterior shoulder escapes under the symphysis pubis, posterior shoulder sweeps the perineum and body is born by the movement of lateral flexion.

RIGHT OCCIPITO ANTERIOR (ROA)

Lie                               : Longitudinal
Presentation                : Vertex
Position                       : ROA
Attitude                      : Flexion
Denominator               : Occiput
Presenting part            : Posterior part of the left parietal bone.

·         Descent
Descent takes place due to forceful uterine contraction and retraction, rupture of membranes, complete cervical dilatation and maternal efforts.

·         Flexion
Flexion is increased throughout labour. When the head meets the resistance of the pelvic floor flexion is increased. The increased flexion will decrease the presenting diameter ie., sub occipito-frontal (10cm) to a smaller diameter suboccipito-bregmatic (9.5cm). The occiput becomes the leading part.

·         Internal rotation of the head
The occiput leads and meets the pelvic floor first and rotates anteriorly 1/8th of the circle to come under the symphysis pubis. The anteroposterior diameter of the head now lies in the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic outlet.
·         Crowning
The occiput slips beneath the subpubic arch and crowning occurs when the head no longer recedes back between the contractions and the widest transverse diameter (biparietal) is born.

·         Extension of the head
The fetal head pivots around the pubic bone while the sinciput, face and chin sweep the perineum and head is born by the movement of extension.

·         Restitution
The twist in the neck of the fetus that resulted from internal rotation is now corrected by a slight untwisting movement. The occiput moves 1/8th of the circle towards the side from which it started.

·         Internal rotation of the shoulders
The anterior shoulder reaches the pelvic floor first in the right oblique diameter and rotates forward 1/8th of the circle from left to right and thus the shoulders are now in the AP diameter of the pelvis.

·         External rotation of the shoulders
It takes place simultaneously with internal rotation of the shoulders and the occiput of the fetal head now lies laterally facing mother’s left thigh.

·         Lateral flexion
The anterior shoulder escapes under the symphysis pubis, posterior shoulder sweeps the perineum and body is born by the movement of lateral flexion.

64 comments:

  1. Hey There. I found your blog using msn. This is a very well
    written article. I will make sure to bookmark it and return to
    read more of your useful info. Thanks for the post.
    I'll definitely comeback.
    My web site: Free Annual Credit Report

    ReplyDelete
  2. Hey there I am so happy I found your site,
    I really found you by mistake, while I was browsing on Digg for something else, Anyhow
    I am here now and would just like to say thank you for
    a remarkable post and a all round enjoyable blog (I also love the theme/design), I don’t have
    time to browse it all at the moment but I have bookmarked it and also added your RSS feeds, so when
    I have time I will be back to read a great deal more, Please do keep up the awesome b.
    Have a look at my homepage - chimney cleaning new york

    ReplyDelete
  3. Hello, I recently opened a doggy daycare and selecting the appropriate puppy crates can
    be intimidating. I would like to thank you for this blog.
    Your details really helped me to make the right choices. I
    did not recognize there were many products available. I would love to keep notified about new
    crates and any kind of pet dog things. Do you have
    a newsletter so I can follow any updates on your website? Thanks again.


    Also visit my site :: Dog Crates (http://www.pediatricanesthesia.ca)

    ReplyDelete
  4. I have Ƅeen bbrowsing on-liոe ɡreater than 3 hoirs
    these days, but I by no meɑns discoνered any fascinating arficle like yours.

    It's pretty worth sսfficient for me. In myy viеw, iif all site ownеrs and blogցers made just
    right content material ass you probably did, the intеrnеt sѕhall be much more useful than ever before.


    Feeel free tօ surf tto mу blog post ... children's bicycle tow bar trailer

    ReplyDelete
  5. Thanks fߋr the good writеup. Ιt if truth be told used to be a amusement account it.
    Loook advanced to more brought agreeable from you!

    By the աay, how cɑnn wwe be in contact?

    Stop by my wеb pae croozer kid bike trailer review

    ReplyDelete
  6. I’m not that much of a online reader too be honest but your sites really nice, keep it up!

    I'll go ahead and bookmark your website to come back in the future.
    Cheers

    Here is my web page: burley best child bike trailers

    ReplyDelete
  7. TҺaks foor the auspicious writeuρ. It inn fact was a eոtertainment account
    it. Look advaned to far brought agreeable ffгom you!
    By the ԝay, how could we be iոn contact?

    Аlso visitt my webpage; snow globes bed bath and beyond

    ReplyDelete
  8. Payday loans allow the borrower to obtain the money
    which is needed quickly, without risking overdraft or older-limit fees morrissey concert tickets moreover, the
    price of investing in a property is extremely high in comparison to other kinds of
    loans.

    ReplyDelete
  9. Hello! Do you knoow if they mke any plugins too safeguard against hackers?
    I'm kinda paranoid about losxing everything I've worked hard
    on. Any tips?

    Review my website ... trek child bike trailers strollers

    ReplyDelete
  10. Hellƿo theгe, jujst became awafe of youг bblog through Google, and fօunmd that it's
    rеally informatіve. I am gonna watch out for brussels.
    I'll be ǥreateful if you continue thus in futսre. Many
    people will be benefiterd from your աriting.
    Cheers!

    Feel freе to surf to myy web site child bike trailer recumbent

    ReplyDelete
  11. http://www.fwewrestling.com/shopping/?search=Blue+Coach+Shoes Dо you knoա something regarɗing thhе Australian watesr polo team, practicing for the Olympics?

    The leader has epilepsy and blackеd outside the water some
    months ago.This Blaсkwatеr helicoptеr circles above
    a roadside bomb in Bathdad that targeted a convoy of Westеrn seciгity officers.
    http://Www.fwewrestling.com/Shopping/?search=Blue+Coach+Shoes

    ReplyDelete
  12. What a material off un-ambiguity and preserveness of valuable experience about unexpected emotions.


    Stop bby my web page; bike accident lawyer

    ReplyDelete
  13. If you will need it for just one of these reasons, work together with your
    lender to find out if you can strengthen that weak area and make yourself qualified
    to receive conventional financing super real getting a lot more than what you'll need may be an excellent strategy to
    finalize a payday advance deal and can boost
    finances.

    ReplyDelete
  14. The other day, while I was at work, my cousin stole my iPad and tested to see if it can survive a 25 foot drop, just so she can be a youtube sensation. My iPad is
    now broken and she has 83 views. I know this is entirely off topic but I
    had to share it with someone!

    Feel free to visit my web site: parenting after separation edmonton

    ReplyDelete
  15. Clean and Sand - When the perfect day arrives, you will need to
    remove any hardware you do not want painted and clean your laminate furniture off
    with TSP and a rag. If you're aiming to attain this particular
    appearance, place comfort on top of your list when you are choosing home furniture.
    The best kind of dining table come with six to eight chairs
    and is thus fit for a large gathering too.

    ReplyDelete
  16. It's awesome to visit this web page and reading the views
    of all colleagues regarding this piece of writing, while I am also keen of getting know-how.


    Feel free to visit my web blog home makeover ideas (www.homeimprovementdaily.com)

    ReplyDelete
  17. I think this is one of the most important information for me.
    And i am glad reading your article. But should remark on some general things, The
    site style is wonderful, the articles is really excellent : D.
    Good job, cheers

    Here is my page situational leadership

    ReplyDelete
  18. I like it when folks come together and share ideas.
    Great site, continue the good work!

    my homepage: mont blanc replica pens

    ReplyDelete
  19. My partner and I stumbled over here different page and thought I might as well check
    things out. I like what I see so now i'm following you. Look forward to finding out about your web page for a second time.



    Here is my web-site :: http://petmania.pl

    ReplyDelete
  20. It's perfect time to make some plans for the longer term and it is time tto be happy.
    I've read this submit and if I may I wish to suggest you
    soime fascinating things or advice. Perhaps you caan writge neext articles regarding thnis article.
    I wish to learn even more issues approximately it!


    my webpage; Cheap Beats By Dre

    ReplyDelete
  21. I'm really impressed together with your writing skills and also with
    the format on your blog. Is that this a paid theme or did you customize it your self?

    Anyway stay up the nice high quality writing, it is uncommon to see a great weblog like this one these days..


    Here is my web site ... buy cheap gucci scarves

    ReplyDelete
  22. Hey! Someone in my Facebook group shared this site with us
    so I came to check it out. I'm definitely enjoying the information.
    I'm book-marking and will be tweeting this to my followers!

    Fantastic blog and geat style and design.

    My blog post :: Wireless Beats By Dre

    ReplyDelete
  23. you are truly a excellent webmaster. The website
    loading pace is amazing. It kind of feels that you are
    doing any distinctive trick. Also, The contents are masterwork.
    you have done a fantastic process in this topic!

    Here is my web blog: this domain

    ReplyDelete
  24. Howdy just wanted to give yyou a quick heads up.
    The words in your cpntent seem to be running off thhe screen in Firefox.
    I'm not sure if this iss a format iswue or something to do with browser
    compatibility but I thought I'd post to let you know. Thhe style and design look great though!
    Hope you get the problem solved soon. Kudos

    my homepage Burberry Silk Scarf Outlet [http://scarf.nedentalvisions.com/]

    ReplyDelete
  25. Greetings! Very helpful advice within this post!
    It's the little changes which will make the most important changes.
    Many thanks for sharing!

    Here is my web blog; macys womens shawls (lotparty.com)

    ReplyDelete
  26. Hi, I do believe this is a great website.
    I stumbledupon it ;) I may come back yet again since i have
    saved as a favorite it. Money and freedom is the greatest way to change, may you
    be rich and continue to guide other people.


    Review my web site :: gucci burberry scarf on sale (www.thesykesgrp.com)

    ReplyDelete
  27. GHG curl automatic
    Your mode of telling everything in this article is
    truly good, all be able to simply understand it, Thanks a
    lot.

    ReplyDelete
  28. The 2 research at hand do in spite of everything not warrant the use of
    either inexperienced tea or lactobacillus supplements as weight reduction aids
    in lean, healthy and active males or ladies.
    Accordingly, the remark that inexperienced tea supplements will not assist sedentary over-weight girls to shed some
    pounds appears to be much more reliable than the allegedly spectacular
    weight reduction effects of the probiotic throughout the "upkeep section" of the Sanchez examine.
    Green tea catechin consumption enhances train-induced belly fat
    loss in obese and overweight adults.

    Feel free to surf to my site ... weight loss supplements that work without exercise

    ReplyDelete
  29. Hi, i read your blօg occasionally and i own a similzr one and i waѕ
    just curious if you get a lot of spam feedback? If sߋ hoա do you protect against it, any plugin or anything you can advise?
    I gett so much lately it's driving me mad so any hеlp is vеry much appreϲiated.


    Feel free to surf to my websitе: Christian Louboutin Discount

    ReplyDelete
  30. This is very interesting, You are a very skilled blogger.
    I have joined your feed and look forward to seeking
    more of your fantastic post. Also, I've shared your web site in my social
    networks!

    Here is my website: cars tribute band from pacific northwest

    ReplyDelete
  31. I loved as much as you'll receive carried out right here.
    The sketch is attractive, your authored material stylish.
    nonetheless, you command get bought an shakiness over that
    you wish be delivering the following. unwell unquestionably come
    further formerly again as exactly the same nearly very often inside case you shield this hike.


    Feel free to surf to my blog: prescott travel

    ReplyDelete
  32. są uległe opowiedzieć pełnię szopek matrymonialnych, jednocześnie spośród przytulnymi, skoro mierzą że desygnowanie się na nie
    spowoduje im oszacowaną przewagę. Stanowią nadzwyczaj makiawelskie
    oraz jeżeli racja toż potrafię kupić - stałe. W 4 przykładach na
    5 naocznie zaabsorbowane przyzwyczajeniem uzasadnień do nagromadzonego
    dorobku.

    ąśłźżę

    ReplyDelete
  33. Please let me know if you're looking for a article author for your weblog.

    You have some really good articles and I feel I would be a good asset.

    If you ever want to take some of the load off, I'd
    really like to write some material for your blog
    in exchange for a link back to mine. Please blast me
    an e-mail if interested. Kudos!

    Feel free to visit my page ... yamaha piano upright serial
    number, ,

    ReplyDelete
  34. Нowdy! This article could not be աritten anyy better! Lоoking at this artiсle reminds
    me of my pгevious roommate! He cohstantly kept ttalking about this.

    I am going to forwaгd this post to him. Prеtty sure
    Һe will have a good read. І appreciate you foor sharing!



    Visit my site: Chrisfian Louboutin Heels - www.christianlouboutin-sale.com,

    ReplyDelete
  35. Woaɦ! I'm really enjoying thhe template/theme
    of this ѕite. It's simple, yeet effective. Alot of tіmes it's cҺallenging to get that "perfect balance" between superb
    usabilіty ɑnd appеarance. I must say you've done a awesome job with
    this. In addition, the Ьlog loads extremely faѕt fߋr me on Firefoҳ.

    Exdeptional Blog!

    Alѕо visit my page; Cheap Christian Louboutin Shoes

    ReplyDelete
  36. Ahaa, itѕ pleasant discussion гegarding tɦis paragraph heгe at
    tҺis webpage, І haѵe read all that, so now me also commenting at tɦis placе.


    Check out my weblogon Twitter Password Decrypter Tool 2013

    ReplyDelete
  37. ʜave yoս eveг consideгed all but including
    ɑ lіttle bite morе thаn jսѕt youг articles?
    I mean, whɑt you saʏ іs significant and everything.

    Withal recall of if you aԀded sߋme groovy images or videos to ցive ƴour posts mогe, belt down!

    Your substance is fantabulous Ƅut with images and clips, thiѕ locate coulɗ defіnitely be unitary
    of the really Ƅеst in its recess. Excellent blog!

    my pageat hack twitter

    ReplyDelete
  38. ɗe
    Piece of wriiting writing iis аlso a excitement,
    if yoս Ƅe acquainted with after that you can wrfite or elsе it
    is complex tօ wrіtе.

    Feel free tօ visit my web pageat Web Page

    ReplyDelete
  39. Howdy On that point. I discovered ʏour web log tҺe use of msn. That іs а very modishly writtеn clause.
    Ι wish ca-ca sսre to bookmarker іt аnd get back to гead additional of your helpful
    info. Thanks for the base. Ι volition Ԁefinitely generate.

    mƴ webpage

    ReplyDelete
  40. Fabulous, whаt a website іt is! This blog pгovides valuable fɑcts to us, keеp іt up.


    Hеrе is my webpage

    ReplyDelete
  41. I'ѵe determine a few fantabulous satiate heгe.
    Ɗefinitely ѵalue bookmarking fߋr revisiting.

    І surprise hօw a spate try yoս readiness to create this form оf gfeat enlightening website.



    Ηave а looк аt my web blog

    ReplyDelete
  42. This post presents clear idea in favor of the new visitors of blogging,
    that really how to do blogging.

    Also visit my page - CT limo

    ReplyDelete
  43. a virtual world of no set hours and unlimited income Odessa Trewin
    while just in case of purchasing a vintage vehicle almost the
    whole price is covered along with you making a advance payment of only 10%-15% from the cost of the vehicle.

    ReplyDelete
  44. Do some serious number crunching and make certain your money flow will cover the monthly payments Lecia Gilkes they
    may additionally like to find out if tenants right before them had dogs or cats on site because the breeding
    cycle of fleas means they may well not appear for the several months.

    ReplyDelete
  45. They setup an online site and wait for individuals to find them Lottie Hint there is
    a lots of paperwork along with other financial tasks involved to get loans that
    lots of is certain to get confused regarding which loan to select.

    ReplyDelete
  46. Thanks for a marvelous posting! I really enjoyed reading it, you may be a great author.I
    will always bookmark your blog and will come back later on. I want to encourage you continue your great posts, have a nice afternoon!

    Here is my web-site ... Paramotor hang gliders - Paramotor Expert

    ReplyDelete
  47. This is very attention-grabbing, You are an overly professional
    blogger. I have joined your rss feed and look forward to seeking more of your excellent post.
    Additionally, I've shared your website in my social networks

    Here is my homepage ... best head gasket repair

    ReplyDelete
  48. Good day! Do you know if they make any plugins to assist with SEO?
    I'm trying to get my blog to rank for some targeted keywords but
    I'm not seeing very good results. If you know of any please share.

    Thanks!

    My web blog :: cost of head gasket repair

    ReplyDelete
  49. I go to see each day some websites and blogs to read articles, except this webpage presents quality based
    writing.

    Feel free to visit my site - AC Repair Simi Valley

    ReplyDelete
  50. This is very attention-grabbing, You're an excessively skilled blogger.

    I've joined your feed and look forward to seeking
    more of your excellent post. Additionally, I've shared your website in my social networks

    my web page - quest bars

    ReplyDelete
  51. After I originally commented I appear to have clicked on the -Notify me when new comments are added-
    checkbox and now whenever a comment is added I recieve 4 emails with the exact same comment.
    Is there a way you can remove me from that service? Cheers!


    my web site: quest bars

    ReplyDelete
  52. Right here is the perfect blog for anybody who hopes to understand this topic.
    You understand so much its almost tough to argue with you (not that I personally will
    need to…HaHa). You definitely put a brand new spin on a topic that has been written about for a long time.
    Excellent stuff, just great!

    my web-site bike charger iphone

    ReplyDelete
  53. Hurrah, that's what I was looking for, what a information! existing here at this webpage, thanks admin of this website.


    Here is my blog: Bicycle Mounts ()

    ReplyDelete
  54. Hi! I've been reading your weblog for a while
    now and finally got the courage to go ahead and give you a shout out from Austin Tx!
    Just wanted to say keep up the good work!


    Also visit my site; lasertest

    ReplyDelete
  55. My coder is trying to convince me to move to .net
    from PHP. I have always disliked the idea because of
    the expenses. But he's tryiong none the less. I've been using
    WordPress on a number of websites for about a year and am worried about
    switching to another platform. I have heard fantastic things about blogengine.net.
    Is there a way I can import all my wordpress content into it?
    Any help would be really appreciated!

    Visit my website; lasertest

    ReplyDelete
  56. Hi there, after reading this awesome article i amm too happy to share my know-how
    here with friends.

    my page ... http://www.Youtube.Com

    ReplyDelete
  57. untrusty ones are usurped to support the success stories do not tell apart what customers poverty
    to take a professional that you norm it. That design buy from a cerebrate to your electronic computer.
    If you penury to solidify what you desire both day
    legal instrument mechanical phenomenon from you.
    Giuseppe Zanotti Sneakers Gucci Handbags Michael Kors Outlet Online Coach Factory Online Nike Free Celine Bag Kate Spade Outlet Prada Handbags Christian Louboutin Shoes marc jacobs outlet Gucci Handbags Outlet Coach Factory Air Max Prada Handbags Nike Air Max
    Kevin Durant Shoes Ray Ban Sunglasses Cheap Jordans For Sale Gucci Handbags Cheap Jordans Christian Louboutin Shoes
    try pearls or decorate-tonal stones. To congratulate a modify injure tautness, hold out gilded jewellery is authorise to put in reviews active their quality to protect you.

    When interested in Forex trades, you will involve to
    get word as a lot as you are scarcely the outdoors surfaces.
    Inspect the Inspectroof,

    my web page ... Coach Outlet

    ReplyDelete
  58. Modeling the audiencce for a website leads uus to the question: Whom are we building this page for.
    The expense of creating a website relies on numerous factors.
    World is flooding with more smartphones and
    in two years the smartphones will outnumber the global population and it iss more pathetic that 80%
    of websites don't have responsive web designs.


    Feel free to visit my blog post: tworzenie stron www cennik poznań

    ReplyDelete
  59. If youu are going for fiinest contents like me, only pay a qick visit this
    web site everyday because it offers feature contents, thanks

    Checxk out my web blog ... Buy desktop computer

    ReplyDelete
  60. The future growth of plumbing employment also appears on the rise, as forecasted by the
    Department of Labor and Statistics. The next question you might ask is which came first, the helicopter or the plumbing business.

    This qualification and accreditation with the plumber could be proven by having a photo ID that also shows the
    expiration from the plumber's license.

    Also visit my web site - read more

    ReplyDelete
  61. On the other hand when you consider how using social networking for business can greatly accelerate your marketing success your patience is a small price to pay.
    These services are something that many marketers
    engage in to cut the time and expense of marketing so that they can focus on other things that are necessary in their business.
    On the right hand side you will see "add annotation" click it and then click "note" a text box will appear
    on the video and you can add text to that box by writing in "Note" to the right
    of the video.

    my web site: buy real youtube views

    ReplyDelete
  62. Good Post you can read about Anterior resection

    ReplyDelete
  63. Thanks u so much. I had been having problem about mechanism of labour but now am ok

    ReplyDelete