MINOR DISORDERS OF NEWBORN AND MANAGEMENT
Molding
•
The head may
appear asymmetric in the newborn of a vertex birth.
•
Caused by the
overriding of the cranial bones during labor and birth.
•
Dimnishes within
few days after birth.
•
Head moulding
Cephalhematoma
•
Collection of
blood between the cranial bone and the periosteal membrane
•
Unilateral or
bilateral and do not cross suture lines
•
Disappear with
in 2 to 3 weeks
Caput
succedaneum
•
Collection of
fluid between the periosteum and the scalp
•
Overrides suture
line
•
Present at birth
•
Caput
Forceps and
Vacuum marks
•
Reddened areas
over the cheeks and jaws. Disappear with in 1 or 2 days.
•
Vacuum extractor
suction marks on the scalp.
•
No treatment is
necessary
Telangiectati
nevi
•
Pale pink or red
spots frequently found on the eyelids, nose, lower occipital bone and nape of
the neck.
•
More noticeable
during the periods of crying.
•
Fade by the
second birthday.
•
Telangiectati
–stork bite
Stuffy nose
·
It may lead to mouth breathing and
·
excessive air swallowing which may lead to
·
abdominal distention and vomiting.
Management
:
•
The nostrils may be cleansed with cotton
•
wool soaked with normal saline.
Sticky eyes
•
It may be due to a chemical irritant or bacterial conjunctivitis due to Staphylococcus.
•
Erythromycin (0.5%) ointment every 6 hrs for 7-10 days.
Subconjunctival
hemorrhage
•
Found on the
sclera
•
Caused by the
changes in vascular tension or ocular pressure during birth
•
Remain for a few
weeks
•
Reassure the
parents
Oral Thrush
•
1% gentian violet solution or nystatin suspension, applied to each side
of the mouth with a cotton swab 3-4 times a day.
•
Oral thrush/
Epsteins pearls
Milia
•
Exposed
sebaceous glands, appear as raised white spots on the face, especially across
the nose.
•
No treatment is
necessary, because they clear up spontaneously with in the first month
Erythema toxicum
•
Perifollicular eruption of lesions that are firm, vary in size from 1 to
3mm and consist of white or pale yellow
papule or pustule with an erythematous base. It is often called newborn rash or
flea bite dermatitis.
•
No treatment is necessary. Disappear in a few hours or days.
Napkin rash
•
More common in artificially fed babies.
•
It can be prevented by frequent care and attention to the napkin area
along with immediate changes of the napkins after each soiling.
Perianal
dermatitis
•
It is situated around the anal opening. It is due to the alkalinity of the stool and also
•
seen in artificially fed babies.
•
Management: Use of lactose, instead of glucose.
Congenital
phymosis
•
Pinpoint prepuce which makes the baby cry during the act of micturition.
•
Management: dilatation by mosquito forceps.
Pseudomenstruation
•
Thick, whitish
mucus vaginal discharge which is tinged with blood.
•
Caused by the
withdrawal of maternal hormones
Smegma
•
White cheese
like substance is often present between the labia
Physiological
jaundice
•
This is observed in 60% of term and 80% of preterm neonates.
•
Occurs after the first 24 hours of life.
•
Resolves with hydration and frequent feedings
Constipation
•
It is commonly met in artificially fed babies.
•
Management :
•
Correction of the diet and extra water is usually effective. If it fails,
milk of magnesia 4ml by mouth is effective.
Mangolian spot
•
Macular areas of
bluish black or gray- blue pigmentation on the dorsal area and the buttocks.
•
Fade during the
first or second year of life.
Nevus flammeus
•
Port wine stain
•
Red to purple
area of dense capillaries
•
Commonly appears
on the face
•
Cosmetic cream
Nevus vasculosus
•
Strawberry mark
•
Raised, clearly
declined, dark red, rough surfaced birth mark usually found in the head region
•
It resolves
spontaneously
